Eugenics Essays - Bioethics, Applied Genetics, Medical Ethics

Eugenics In the 1920s there was a movement, called the melting pot, to solve the social problems of the time with the use of technology. Eugenics is the use of science to solve social problems. A major leader in eugenics at the turn of the century was a man named Davenport. Kallikak studied eugenics too. He used case studies of individuals to show heredity. He showed how people inherited their bad and good traits from their family. Eugenics was mostly concerned with social traits. Social traits are traits individuals have that affect society. Pedigrees were used in eugenics to examine traits in families. Eugenics was promoted in magazines, books, state fairs, and movies in the beginning of the century. It was used at the time to make the people of America better breed. To make them better breed sterilization and immigration laws were put in affect. The immigration laws were put in affect because people believed that the social and economic problems of America were from letting people immigrat e who had bad traits. Such people with bad traits were Greeks, Russians, Japanese, and African Americans. The immigration laws were called the Emigration Discrimination Laws. Sterilization eugenic laws were in almost all states. The laws made people who were in mental hospitals have to be sterilized. Each state sterilized different people for various reasons. Eugenics was big in Germany. Hitler was a big advocate for the use of eugenics. Just as people in the past were concerned with peoples traits and genes people of today are becoming more and more concerned with it. On concern with it has rose from our break through in the field of genetics.

Timothy Leary as an American Hero essays

Timothy Leary as an American Hero essays The term hero brings to mind many ideas, many events, and many people. However, one face it generally fails to conjure is that of Timothy Leary. Dr. Leary managed to create a level of infamy few Americans have achieved since this countrys inception; he is the poster-child of the mind-altering hallucinogen LSD and has been labeled by many as the subversive leader of the counter-culture movement of the sixties. Not many people appreciate this great mans long string of accomplishments, his devotion to scientific progress, or his cheery, irrepressible personality. It is a small circle of people indeed who would label this man a hero, but the truth is that Dr. Leary embodied the principles of courage, discovery, and benevolence, which none can deny are heroic trademarks. No man has shown more courage in the face of adversity than Timothy Leary. One great example of his valor comes from his early years as a cadet at West Point during the 1940s. After indulging in a quantity of alcohol with some upperclassmen after a football game one evening, Leary found himself before the Cadet Honor Committee of West Point awaiting punishment. The committee decreed that he must avoid social contact of any kind, despite the fact that during his court-martial the charges brought upon him were hastily dropped. For nine months he survived this involuntary solitude, until finally the school asked him to resign because of moral problems that his punishment was causing. Leary agreed on the condition that his innocence would be announced in the mess hall. Two days later, he left West Point. Long afterward, after earning a doctorate in psychology and serving several professorships at prestigious institutions as Berkley and Harvard, Dr. Timothy Leary developed an int erest in what he would later become famous for: psychedelics. Originally his studies were sponsored by Harvard, but after drug abuse became a maj...

Case Study on Thorntons plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Case Study on Thorntons plc - Essay Example By 1939, Thorntons had 35 shops all over England and a factory in Sheffield that baked confectionery products. The firm's profitability and expansion continued such that in 1988, it was listed in the London Stock Exchange. Thornton family members were involved in the management of the business until the resignation in August 2006 of John Thornton, the last family member on the Board. Thornton family members, however, continue to hold a 22 percent stake in the company. As of the end of its fiscal year on 25 June 2005, the company had 395 stores, 198 franchise outlets, and 26 Cafs all over the U.K and Ireland, over 4,200 employees, an annual turnover of 188 million, and net profits before tax of just over 8.15 million (Helmscott, 2006). The company is based in Thornton Park, a 65-acre site in Alfreton, Derbyshire. Thorntons is one of the key players in the candy and confectionery industry, a sub-sector of the global food and beverages industry consisting of companies that manufacture, process, package, market, and/or sell candies and confections, including chocolate and chewing gum. Business Insights/Datamonitor (2005) reported that the global confectionery sector had an annual turnover of 122 billion growing in value at 3.9 percent yearly. The biggest group in the sub-sector are companies that sell chocolate confectionery products, which accounts for 53.8 percent of total turnover value, followed by sugar confectioneries, sweets and candies (32.8 percent), and gum (13.4 percent). The U.K. confectionery market, one of the biggest in the world, had total sales of 4.53 billion in 2005 growing at approximately 4 percent each year. A few companies led by Cadbury Schweppes, Mars, Nestl, Kraft, and Wrigley dominate in the U.K. market. Thorntons (188 million in sales) is in sixth place, followed by Barry Callebaut, ADM Cocoa Hull, Dunhills (Pontefract), and Renshaw Scott (with a turnover of 58 million) (Swetenhams, 2006). Characteristics of the Confectionery Industry Sector The confectionery sector had its heyday in the 1970s, as sales trebled whilst food expenditures doubled in the decade. By the late 1980s, annual sales growth slowed down to 2 to 3 percent, characteristic of a mature industry. The market in the early to the late 1990s was therefore becoming saturated whilst manufacturers continued to expand production and retail outlets to match what was until then perceived as booming demand. The 1980s also saw a wave of acquisitions that produced two industry giants: Cadbury Scweppes and Nestl. Confectioneries are non-essential foodstuff but are regularly purchased by a very high proportion of the population as an indulgence, a gift, or a

Tetralogy of Fallot Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tetralogy of Fallot - Research Paper Example Due to the mixing of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood in the left ventricles through the ventricular septal defect, there is a low oxygen supply to other parts of the body. This, coupled with blood flow through the aorta due to the obstruction at the pulmonary valves leads to a distribution of blood that is completely devoid of oxygen. Consequently, there is cyanosis right from birth or within the infantile stage. The patients also suffer from heart mummers ranging from impeccable to very loud mummers (Graham, Volpe, Barker, Economy & Valente, 2013). The patient also presents with difficulty in breathing, dyspnea on exertion, retarded physical development and growth, clubbing of both toes and fingers and lastly polycythemia. Children are suffering from this condition; sometimes experience Tet spells that are as a result of the continued circulation of the desaturated blood due to the increased resistance of blood flow to the lungs. Tet spells are manifest with cyanosis, which leads to syncope and brain death or injury depending on the duration of hypoxia. Most children squat when experience the Tet sell with increased resistance of the vessels which allows for a reversal of the shunt temporarily. There are a number of other conditions to consider while evaluating a patient suspected to be suffering from tetralogy of the fallot. Some of them include pulmonary stenosis, acute anemia, bacteremia, stenosis, cardiogenic shock, pneumothorax, pediatric pneumonia and Patent Ductus arteriosus. With delayed management of the tetralogy of the Fallot, there is hypertrophy of the right ventricle that is as a result of the resistance of the right ventricle and the ventricular septal defect. This eventually progresses to dilated cardiomyopathy that begins with the right heart and then the left side of the heart. According to

Outsourcing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Outsourcing - Assignment Example Outsourcing has revolutionized processes in the workplace, provided tools and valuable data and information, and has done many things of great importance to businesses and organisations. Literature Review This essay will focus on human resource outsourcing (HRO) which is becoming a trend particularly in the public sector. Human resource outsourcing affects performance of the staff. Human resource functions that are handled by an outsourcer provider are functions that some employees are used to performing. Businesses find outsourcing as an easy way to produce their products at low cost. Functions that can be outsourced include human resources, financial transaction processing (for accounts payable), procurement, distribution and logistics, and clinical data management. One of the drawbacks for outsourcing is that it can reduce product quality. This usually happens if a company outsources without careful study and planning. It can also reduce innovation. Firms must select areas in whic h they can concentrate their resources. Reduced innovation means lost creativity. Firms that outsource core competencies do not see the importance of focusing on employees’ capability and knowledge considering that there is a relation between contented employees and contented customers. Satisfied employees not just turn their attention on their organisation out of gratitude but provide good and faithful service to customers as payback to their organisation. (Cooke et al., 2005) Organisations should not rush into outsourcing. The firm must first analyse the business situation and conduct feasibility analysis, define the parameters of the contract, and build a strong relationship with the outsourcing company. There are several steps to be undertaken before deciding to make outsourcing a part of the company’s functions. It is like initiating an intensive project management. There are four screens to follow in conducting the feasibility: core competency screen, cost of con trol screen, goals screen, and scope screen. The feasibility study should clearly define the core competency screen, i.e. what are core competencies and what are critical in the organisation? Core activities refer to what a firm can do best and are crucial to the firm’s advantage while noncore activities refer to those which have lower impact on the firm. A detailed analysis of the requirements has to be done. When the costs exceed the benefits, outsourcing should not push through. Planning can proceed if the screens are beneficial to the organization. In the evaluation, the executive team should be identified. The team will include those who will handle the analysis, the leader and the decision-maker. The outsourcing team should be composed of technical and managerial people, and representatives from user areas whose services will be directly affected by the outsourcing. The people who will be responsible for oversight and management of the outsourcing arrangement and vendor (supplier) relations must be properly identified and involved in drafting the contract. Technical and management issues must be properly stipulated in the contract. (Cooke et al., 2005) The supplier and buyer should have close coordination and communication, and a team must monitor the progress of the relationship. The monitoring team will conclude if the provisions of the contract are being followed. This has to be evaluated time and again to see if the

Elementary Number Theory

Elementary Number Theory Bernard Opoku qCarl Friedrich Gauss, born into a poor working class family in Brunswick, now lower Saxon, Germany and died in Gottingen, Germany. He was a child prodigy with genius that did not impress his father who called him a star-gazer. His mother, Dorothea Gauss was the exact opposite of his father as she collaborated with his teachers who were impressed enough to find a him a scholarship at the at the local secondary school in Duke of Brunswick. At a very early age Gauss showed signs of great mathematical prospects. At the age of only three years old he noticed arithmetic mistakes his father had made in bookkeeping. (Eves 476) At the age of seven he started elementary school and it was not long after that his teacher, Bà ¼ttner, and his assistant, Martin Bartels, realized Gauss ability when he summed the numbers from 1 through 100 in his head. It had become obvious to Gauss that the numbers 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + + 97 + 98 + 99 + 100 could also be thought of as 1 + 100 + 2 + 99 + + 49 + 52 + 50 + 51. Thinking of it this way he had paired the numbers up so that there would be fifty pair of numbers which would each sum to be 101, or 50 * 101 which equals 5050. (OConnor) It was this that lead Gauss to joke that he could figure before he could talk. In 1788 Gauss began his education at the Gymnasium with the help of Bà ¼ttner and Bartels, where he learnt High German and Latin. After receiving a stipend from the Duke of Brunswick- Wolfenbà ¼ttel, Gauss entered Brunswick Collegium Carolinum in 1792 at the age of fifteen and then Gà ¶ttingen University at age eighteen. (Eves476). While in Collegium in 1797, he collected a very ripe and seasoned education filled with science and classical education way beyond those his age. It was on March 30, 1796, that Gauss began writing in his famous mathematical diary to which he commonly wrote encrypted messages about his mathematical achievements. His diary contains 146 entries, the last of which was dated July 9, 1814. The entry from July 10, 1796, reads EYPHKA! num = + + , which records Gauss discovery of a proof of the fact that every positive integer is the sum of three triangular numbers (0, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15,). All but two of the entries in Gauss diary have been deciphered. His dramatic achievement that marked him as a mathematician was in 1796, when he was able to figure out and show that any regular polygon with a prime number of sides can be drawn by using only a compass and a straight edge. And from then for five years until the year 1800,when they began to slow, ideas began to flood his mind so fast he could not write them down fast enough and always had more than he could produce writings for. During this epic time of discovery he came across a heptadecagon, which when he discovered it he requested to have it put on his tombstone, but that request was denied because, it would have ended up looking like a circle. He also discovered modular arithmetic, which is used to calculate check sums, and a heliotrope, which is a moveable mirror that reflects the suns rays; he also was not to mention the first to prove quadratic equations using modular arithmetic. He also had many breakthroughs with writings that of course had to go with these theorems such as in 1801 Disquisitions Arithmetica, which has very important contributions to the number theory. Along with theories of binary and ternary quadratic forms, not to mention he proved the fundamental theorem of algebra just a few days before he wrote this book. In this same year life began to change for Carl a tad when an Italian astronomer named Giuseppe Piazzi discovered a planet that had a celestial body and orbited the sun without disturbing the orbit of any other planet, the celestial planet was called Ceres. Which Giuseppe tracked for a couple months as it moved across the, but suddenly it disappeared and should had reappeared months later Giuseppe could not locate it. He studied his work trying to realize his mistake when he found that it had only moved three degrees which was less than one percent of its entire orbit, along with that his tools and math were not capable of this kind of precision and tracking with such small amounts of data and more to come. Carl, Twenty-Three years old at the time, heard about this discovery and the predicament and took matters into his own hands, and after three months of intense labor he predicted the next position of Ceres in December 1801, about a year after its first sighting. His prediction was only about half a degree off, and for this achievement he was designated Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Astronomical Observatory in Gottingen which was a position he held for the rest of his life.

michael jordan Essay -- essays research papers fc

Michael Jordan was one of five children born to James and Delores Jordan. He was born February 17, 1963 in Brooklyn. His parents felt that the streets of Brooklyn were unsafe to raise a young family. So instead of trying to endure the streets of Brooklyn, the Jordan family moved to Wilmington, North Carolina. Michael’s father, James, got a job in Wilmington as a mechanic and his mother Delores got a job as a teller at United Carolina Bank. Michael always had an eye for baseball. He played as an outfielder and as a pitcher. When he was twelve, he was the top player in his league. By the age of fifteen, he wasn't the star in baseball as he once was. He was still very good, but he had lost some of his focus. Later, in his high school career, he dropped baseball to pursue another interest. Soon Michael adopted the game of basketball. When Michael reached the ninth grade, he tried out for the basketball team. Coach Lynch, Michael's coach, cut Michael, which in turn may have made the best player alive today. Michael then took practicing basketball to another level. He played his brother Larry whenever he could. Michael never expected what would come in the near future. Michael Jordan went to the University of North Carolina as a basketball recruit. Even though Jordan at 6'5" was a man with potential, he still studied very hard in an attempt to get a good education, while competing in sports. Mike wasn't expected to be a star of the Tar Heels, since they had players such as ...