Eugenics Essays - Bioethics, Applied Genetics, Medical Ethics

Eugenics In the 1920s there was a movement, called the melting pot, to solve the social problems of the time with the use of technology. Eugenics is the use of science to solve social problems. A major leader in eugenics at the turn of the century was a man named Davenport. Kallikak studied eugenics too. He used case studies of individuals to show heredity. He showed how people inherited their bad and good traits from their family. Eugenics was mostly concerned with social traits. Social traits are traits individuals have that affect society. Pedigrees were used in eugenics to examine traits in families. Eugenics was promoted in magazines, books, state fairs, and movies in the beginning of the century. It was used at the time to make the people of America better breed. To make them better breed sterilization and immigration laws were put in affect. The immigration laws were put in affect because people believed that the social and economic problems of America were from letting people immigrat e who had bad traits. Such people with bad traits were Greeks, Russians, Japanese, and African Americans. The immigration laws were called the Emigration Discrimination Laws. Sterilization eugenic laws were in almost all states. The laws made people who were in mental hospitals have to be sterilized. Each state sterilized different people for various reasons. Eugenics was big in Germany. Hitler was a big advocate for the use of eugenics. Just as people in the past were concerned with peoples traits and genes people of today are becoming more and more concerned with it. On concern with it has rose from our break through in the field of genetics.

Timothy Leary as an American Hero essays

Timothy Leary as an American Hero essays The term hero brings to mind many ideas, many events, and many people. However, one face it generally fails to conjure is that of Timothy Leary. Dr. Leary managed to create a level of infamy few Americans have achieved since this countrys inception; he is the poster-child of the mind-altering hallucinogen LSD and has been labeled by many as the subversive leader of the counter-culture movement of the sixties. Not many people appreciate this great mans long string of accomplishments, his devotion to scientific progress, or his cheery, irrepressible personality. It is a small circle of people indeed who would label this man a hero, but the truth is that Dr. Leary embodied the principles of courage, discovery, and benevolence, which none can deny are heroic trademarks. No man has shown more courage in the face of adversity than Timothy Leary. One great example of his valor comes from his early years as a cadet at West Point during the 1940s. After indulging in a quantity of alcohol with some upperclassmen after a football game one evening, Leary found himself before the Cadet Honor Committee of West Point awaiting punishment. The committee decreed that he must avoid social contact of any kind, despite the fact that during his court-martial the charges brought upon him were hastily dropped. For nine months he survived this involuntary solitude, until finally the school asked him to resign because of moral problems that his punishment was causing. Leary agreed on the condition that his innocence would be announced in the mess hall. Two days later, he left West Point. Long afterward, after earning a doctorate in psychology and serving several professorships at prestigious institutions as Berkley and Harvard, Dr. Timothy Leary developed an int erest in what he would later become famous for: psychedelics. Originally his studies were sponsored by Harvard, but after drug abuse became a maj...

Case Study on Thorntons plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Case Study on Thorntons plc - Essay Example By 1939, Thorntons had 35 shops all over England and a factory in Sheffield that baked confectionery products. The firm's profitability and expansion continued such that in 1988, it was listed in the London Stock Exchange. Thornton family members were involved in the management of the business until the resignation in August 2006 of John Thornton, the last family member on the Board. Thornton family members, however, continue to hold a 22 percent stake in the company. As of the end of its fiscal year on 25 June 2005, the company had 395 stores, 198 franchise outlets, and 26 Cafs all over the U.K and Ireland, over 4,200 employees, an annual turnover of 188 million, and net profits before tax of just over 8.15 million (Helmscott, 2006). The company is based in Thornton Park, a 65-acre site in Alfreton, Derbyshire. Thorntons is one of the key players in the candy and confectionery industry, a sub-sector of the global food and beverages industry consisting of companies that manufacture, process, package, market, and/or sell candies and confections, including chocolate and chewing gum. Business Insights/Datamonitor (2005) reported that the global confectionery sector had an annual turnover of 122 billion growing in value at 3.9 percent yearly. The biggest group in the sub-sector are companies that sell chocolate confectionery products, which accounts for 53.8 percent of total turnover value, followed by sugar confectioneries, sweets and candies (32.8 percent), and gum (13.4 percent). The U.K. confectionery market, one of the biggest in the world, had total sales of 4.53 billion in 2005 growing at approximately 4 percent each year. A few companies led by Cadbury Schweppes, Mars, Nestl, Kraft, and Wrigley dominate in the U.K. market. Thorntons (188 million in sales) is in sixth place, followed by Barry Callebaut, ADM Cocoa Hull, Dunhills (Pontefract), and Renshaw Scott (with a turnover of 58 million) (Swetenhams, 2006). Characteristics of the Confectionery Industry Sector The confectionery sector had its heyday in the 1970s, as sales trebled whilst food expenditures doubled in the decade. By the late 1980s, annual sales growth slowed down to 2 to 3 percent, characteristic of a mature industry. The market in the early to the late 1990s was therefore becoming saturated whilst manufacturers continued to expand production and retail outlets to match what was until then perceived as booming demand. The 1980s also saw a wave of acquisitions that produced two industry giants: Cadbury Scweppes and Nestl. Confectioneries are non-essential foodstuff but are regularly purchased by a very high proportion of the population as an indulgence, a gift, or a

Tetralogy of Fallot Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tetralogy of Fallot - Research Paper Example Due to the mixing of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood in the left ventricles through the ventricular septal defect, there is a low oxygen supply to other parts of the body. This, coupled with blood flow through the aorta due to the obstruction at the pulmonary valves leads to a distribution of blood that is completely devoid of oxygen. Consequently, there is cyanosis right from birth or within the infantile stage. The patients also suffer from heart mummers ranging from impeccable to very loud mummers (Graham, Volpe, Barker, Economy & Valente, 2013). The patient also presents with difficulty in breathing, dyspnea on exertion, retarded physical development and growth, clubbing of both toes and fingers and lastly polycythemia. Children are suffering from this condition; sometimes experience Tet spells that are as a result of the continued circulation of the desaturated blood due to the increased resistance of blood flow to the lungs. Tet spells are manifest with cyanosis, which leads to syncope and brain death or injury depending on the duration of hypoxia. Most children squat when experience the Tet sell with increased resistance of the vessels which allows for a reversal of the shunt temporarily. There are a number of other conditions to consider while evaluating a patient suspected to be suffering from tetralogy of the fallot. Some of them include pulmonary stenosis, acute anemia, bacteremia, stenosis, cardiogenic shock, pneumothorax, pediatric pneumonia and Patent Ductus arteriosus. With delayed management of the tetralogy of the Fallot, there is hypertrophy of the right ventricle that is as a result of the resistance of the right ventricle and the ventricular septal defect. This eventually progresses to dilated cardiomyopathy that begins with the right heart and then the left side of the heart. According to

Outsourcing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Outsourcing - Assignment Example Outsourcing has revolutionized processes in the workplace, provided tools and valuable data and information, and has done many things of great importance to businesses and organisations. Literature Review This essay will focus on human resource outsourcing (HRO) which is becoming a trend particularly in the public sector. Human resource outsourcing affects performance of the staff. Human resource functions that are handled by an outsourcer provider are functions that some employees are used to performing. Businesses find outsourcing as an easy way to produce their products at low cost. Functions that can be outsourced include human resources, financial transaction processing (for accounts payable), procurement, distribution and logistics, and clinical data management. One of the drawbacks for outsourcing is that it can reduce product quality. This usually happens if a company outsources without careful study and planning. It can also reduce innovation. Firms must select areas in whic h they can concentrate their resources. Reduced innovation means lost creativity. Firms that outsource core competencies do not see the importance of focusing on employees’ capability and knowledge considering that there is a relation between contented employees and contented customers. Satisfied employees not just turn their attention on their organisation out of gratitude but provide good and faithful service to customers as payback to their organisation. (Cooke et al., 2005) Organisations should not rush into outsourcing. The firm must first analyse the business situation and conduct feasibility analysis, define the parameters of the contract, and build a strong relationship with the outsourcing company. There are several steps to be undertaken before deciding to make outsourcing a part of the company’s functions. It is like initiating an intensive project management. There are four screens to follow in conducting the feasibility: core competency screen, cost of con trol screen, goals screen, and scope screen. The feasibility study should clearly define the core competency screen, i.e. what are core competencies and what are critical in the organisation? Core activities refer to what a firm can do best and are crucial to the firm’s advantage while noncore activities refer to those which have lower impact on the firm. A detailed analysis of the requirements has to be done. When the costs exceed the benefits, outsourcing should not push through. Planning can proceed if the screens are beneficial to the organization. In the evaluation, the executive team should be identified. The team will include those who will handle the analysis, the leader and the decision-maker. The outsourcing team should be composed of technical and managerial people, and representatives from user areas whose services will be directly affected by the outsourcing. The people who will be responsible for oversight and management of the outsourcing arrangement and vendor (supplier) relations must be properly identified and involved in drafting the contract. Technical and management issues must be properly stipulated in the contract. (Cooke et al., 2005) The supplier and buyer should have close coordination and communication, and a team must monitor the progress of the relationship. The monitoring team will conclude if the provisions of the contract are being followed. This has to be evaluated time and again to see if the

Elementary Number Theory

Elementary Number Theory Bernard Opoku qCarl Friedrich Gauss, born into a poor working class family in Brunswick, now lower Saxon, Germany and died in Gottingen, Germany. He was a child prodigy with genius that did not impress his father who called him a star-gazer. His mother, Dorothea Gauss was the exact opposite of his father as she collaborated with his teachers who were impressed enough to find a him a scholarship at the at the local secondary school in Duke of Brunswick. At a very early age Gauss showed signs of great mathematical prospects. At the age of only three years old he noticed arithmetic mistakes his father had made in bookkeeping. (Eves 476) At the age of seven he started elementary school and it was not long after that his teacher, Bà ¼ttner, and his assistant, Martin Bartels, realized Gauss ability when he summed the numbers from 1 through 100 in his head. It had become obvious to Gauss that the numbers 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + + 97 + 98 + 99 + 100 could also be thought of as 1 + 100 + 2 + 99 + + 49 + 52 + 50 + 51. Thinking of it this way he had paired the numbers up so that there would be fifty pair of numbers which would each sum to be 101, or 50 * 101 which equals 5050. (OConnor) It was this that lead Gauss to joke that he could figure before he could talk. In 1788 Gauss began his education at the Gymnasium with the help of Bà ¼ttner and Bartels, where he learnt High German and Latin. After receiving a stipend from the Duke of Brunswick- Wolfenbà ¼ttel, Gauss entered Brunswick Collegium Carolinum in 1792 at the age of fifteen and then Gà ¶ttingen University at age eighteen. (Eves476). While in Collegium in 1797, he collected a very ripe and seasoned education filled with science and classical education way beyond those his age. It was on March 30, 1796, that Gauss began writing in his famous mathematical diary to which he commonly wrote encrypted messages about his mathematical achievements. His diary contains 146 entries, the last of which was dated July 9, 1814. The entry from July 10, 1796, reads EYPHKA! num = + + , which records Gauss discovery of a proof of the fact that every positive integer is the sum of three triangular numbers (0, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15,). All but two of the entries in Gauss diary have been deciphered. His dramatic achievement that marked him as a mathematician was in 1796, when he was able to figure out and show that any regular polygon with a prime number of sides can be drawn by using only a compass and a straight edge. And from then for five years until the year 1800,when they began to slow, ideas began to flood his mind so fast he could not write them down fast enough and always had more than he could produce writings for. During this epic time of discovery he came across a heptadecagon, which when he discovered it he requested to have it put on his tombstone, but that request was denied because, it would have ended up looking like a circle. He also discovered modular arithmetic, which is used to calculate check sums, and a heliotrope, which is a moveable mirror that reflects the suns rays; he also was not to mention the first to prove quadratic equations using modular arithmetic. He also had many breakthroughs with writings that of course had to go with these theorems such as in 1801 Disquisitions Arithmetica, which has very important contributions to the number theory. Along with theories of binary and ternary quadratic forms, not to mention he proved the fundamental theorem of algebra just a few days before he wrote this book. In this same year life began to change for Carl a tad when an Italian astronomer named Giuseppe Piazzi discovered a planet that had a celestial body and orbited the sun without disturbing the orbit of any other planet, the celestial planet was called Ceres. Which Giuseppe tracked for a couple months as it moved across the, but suddenly it disappeared and should had reappeared months later Giuseppe could not locate it. He studied his work trying to realize his mistake when he found that it had only moved three degrees which was less than one percent of its entire orbit, along with that his tools and math were not capable of this kind of precision and tracking with such small amounts of data and more to come. Carl, Twenty-Three years old at the time, heard about this discovery and the predicament and took matters into his own hands, and after three months of intense labor he predicted the next position of Ceres in December 1801, about a year after its first sighting. His prediction was only about half a degree off, and for this achievement he was designated Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Astronomical Observatory in Gottingen which was a position he held for the rest of his life.

michael jordan Essay -- essays research papers fc

Michael Jordan was one of five children born to James and Delores Jordan. He was born February 17, 1963 in Brooklyn. His parents felt that the streets of Brooklyn were unsafe to raise a young family. So instead of trying to endure the streets of Brooklyn, the Jordan family moved to Wilmington, North Carolina. Michael’s father, James, got a job in Wilmington as a mechanic and his mother Delores got a job as a teller at United Carolina Bank. Michael always had an eye for baseball. He played as an outfielder and as a pitcher. When he was twelve, he was the top player in his league. By the age of fifteen, he wasn't the star in baseball as he once was. He was still very good, but he had lost some of his focus. Later, in his high school career, he dropped baseball to pursue another interest. Soon Michael adopted the game of basketball. When Michael reached the ninth grade, he tried out for the basketball team. Coach Lynch, Michael's coach, cut Michael, which in turn may have made the best player alive today. Michael then took practicing basketball to another level. He played his brother Larry whenever he could. Michael never expected what would come in the near future. Michael Jordan went to the University of North Carolina as a basketball recruit. Even though Jordan at 6'5" was a man with potential, he still studied very hard in an attempt to get a good education, while competing in sports. Mike wasn't expected to be a star of the Tar Heels, since they had players such as ...

The Changing Role of Women in Society

Changing Role of Women in Society How was the status of woman and their rights represented in western society in the 1600 to early 20th century? For centuries, woman and their rights have been oppressed by the dominance of man. There has been continued struggle for the recognition of woman’s cultural roles and achievements, and for their social and political rights. It was very much a patriarchal society for woman, which hindered or prevented woman from realizing their productive and creative possibilities.These ideas where seen in the play Merchant of Venice written by William Shakespeare in c. 1598 when Portia and Nerissa have to dress up as men so that they can enter the court room to help Antonio because woman are not allowed to enter courtrooms along with many other public places men had deemed unbefitting for woman. Portia says, â€Å"And wear my dagger with a braver grace and speak between the change of man and boy with a reed voice, and turn two mincing steps into a m anly stride, and speak of frays. Another example of this in the Merchant of Venice is when Portia is talking to Nerissa about the unfairness of her fathers will, she says â€Å" I may neither choose who I would nor refuse who I dislike; so is the will of a living daughter curbed by the will of a dead father. † We see this kind of representation of woman again, half a century later, from my source ‘The Law’s Resolutions of Woman’s Rights, 1632. An example of this can be found in the section ‘Sect. viii. that the husband that is his own. It states, â€Å"The wife hath therein no seisin at all.If anything when he is married be given him, he taketh it by himself distinctly to himself,† and that â€Å"the very goods which a man giveth to his wife are still his own: her chain, her bracelets, her apparel, are all the good-man’s goods, †¦ A wife how gallent soever she be, glistereth but in the riches of her husband, as the moon hath no li ght but it is the sun’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬  We see evidence of this treatment of woman again in this source under the Sect. ix. That which the wide hath is the husband’s. It states â€Å"For thus it is, if before marriage the woman were possessed of horses, neat, sheep, corn, wool, money, plate, nd jewels, all manner of moveable substance is presently by conjunction the husband’s. † Moving forward in time another century, we see in my source British Woman’s Emancipation since the Renaissance, in the early 1800s. It quotes from The Times, in response to the proposal of a select committee to be set up to consider how to adapt a portion of the Strangers’ Gallery for Ladies’ Gallery in the new House of Commons, The Times opined: â€Å"We should like to see a list of ladies who have sought this mode of killing their time†¦ As to their presence civilizing debate, it is all fudge.The most violent scene we ever witnessed was in the House of L ords, in broad day, when the benches were filled ladies in all the imposing attractions of full dress†¦ blood would have been shed if it has still been custom to wear swords†¦ If ladies of England desire this novel mode of getting rid of their ennui, let them be indulged, but let us not be so absurd as to expect and influence on the character of the debate. The female listeners may be vulgarize; the male orators will not be refined. † Finally, I reach the period of the Second World War in the early twentieth century.This led to a visual advertisement labeled, Rosie the Riveter. I used a commentary by Jessica Valenti called Rosie the Riveter leaves a strong legacy to find information from this poster. It explains the background of the advertisement stating, â€Å"The poster commissioned to help recruit women to work during the Second World War. US women had always worked, of course, but the wartime get-to-work propaganda was specifically geared towards white middle-c lass women, and during the war the female workforce grew by 6. million. † Though this was a huge change from what woman were used to, we still see stereotypical thinking toward the woman, for example, in one of the advertisements released it says, â€Å"Can you use an electric mixer? If so, then you can learn to operate a drill. † I believe that women, without question, have continually had to struggle for recognition under the dominance of man not just in the 1600s to early 20th century but also for centuries earlier.They have repeatedly been deprived of the inalienable right to vote, receive an adequate education, and to have the chance to develop to their fullest human potential. I believe that the view society has on woman is almost a bit of a paradox. My reasoning for this is that because society believes women are less intelligent than men, and therefore are not capable of being involved in jobs the rest of society does, they tell woman that they are not allowed t o receive a proper education like the rest of society.This means that regardless of the natural intelligence of a woman, they will never reach the same level of intelligence as men because they are not being allowed an adequate education so that they can develop to their full human potential. I believe that the events that occurred in the 18th century were pivotal in the future direction modern feminist groups would take. Though the events that took place in the 1800s was the first hint of change we saw, it took another century and a huge worldwide event, World War 2, to really get the ball rolling in terms of feminist lobbying and creating real long-term change.In my opinion, the reason women and their rights in western society had practically no significant change for majority of the 400 years I have studied is because women had never before received the opportunity to have a go at jobs that had always been for men like we saw during the second World War. I believe this is the rea son for women to suddenly begin an immense push in women’s rights and equality in the last 100 years. What initiated any change in the status of woman and their rights in western society?As seen in my first question, during World War II we began to see significant a shift in the role of woman in western society from housewife to working class. When the men returned from war they began to realise that things were changing, the woman had begun to have some experience in management and factories, which are all predominantly male dominated jobs. From that point on we saw a lot of tension between men and woman which then started rapid change in the status of woman in contemporary western society.A source that was release two decades later that I found had a part to play in the change that had begun during the mid-1900s was Betty Freidan’s nonfiction book, Feminine Mystique, published in 1963. In 1957, Freiden was asked to conduct a survey on the woman at her 15th anniversar y with her Smith College classmates. From this survey she found that many of her old classmates were unhappy with their lives as housewives, which led to her to write the book.The Feminine Mystique was written from surveys and interviews done by Freiden and is widely regarded as one of the main factors involved in sparking the ‘second wave’ feminism in the United States. She states that ‘the editorial decisions concerning woman’s magazines were being made mostly by men, who insisted on stories and articles that showed woman as either happy housewives or unhappy, neurotic careerists, thus creating the ‘feminine mystic’ – the idea that woman were naturally fulfilled by devoting their lives to being housewives and mothers. I found that was had a huge role in the ‘second wave’ as they call it, which began to initiate huge change in the status of woman and their rights in contemporary western society was the Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, prohibiting employment discrimination on the basis of sex as well as race, religion, and national origin. The word ‘sex’ was included very last minute.Section 703 (a) made it unlawful for an employer to â€Å"fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions or privileges or employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. † Another 2 years on, in 1966, 28 women and men attending the Third National Conference of the Commission on the Status of Women founded an organization in Washington, D. C. The organization called the National Organization of Women works to secure political, professional, and educational equality for woman.In a statement released by Betty Freiden, author of Feminine Mystique and one of the founders of The National Organization of Woman’s, says that â€Å"The National Org anization of Woman is dedicated to the preposition that women, first and foremost, are human beings, who, like all other people in our society, must have the chance to develop their fullest human potential. We believe that woman can achieve such equality only by accepting to the full the challenges and responsibilities they share with all other people in our society as part of the decision-making mainstream of American political, conomic and social life. † In the past century, society has begun to see an inevitable shift in the roles of women in contemporary western society. Significant events have taken place in the past 50 years, which have shaped the direction of modern feminism today. I found that there were hundreds of noteworthy events that were involved in initiating change in the status of women and their rights in western. In saying this there were definitely two time periods which brought to light the inequalities in the treatment of women, these two time periods are called first-wave and second-wave feminism.We see in my evidence provided that second-wave feminism was significantly more effective that first-wave feminism. In my opinion, this is because the majority of the first-wave feminists were more moderate and conservative than the radical, revolutionary feminists of the second-wave feminism. I don’t believe that we can expect change by sitting idle and waiting for some miracle. It’s all very well if you know that there is a problem, but knowing is not enough, you must take action.And in this case, radical action is in order as the views society hold on women have been around for not just centuries, but millenniums! Second-wave feminism had a bigger impact than first-wave feminism because they did not take no for an answer, they acted, and I believe that’s what turned things around. How are woman in contemporary western society portrayed and do they have equal opportunities and freedom as the rest of society? In the p ast century we have seen a dramatic change in the treatment of women in western society.We see evidence of this in the non-fiction book The Beauty Myth by Naomi Wolf, published in 1991. Its basic premise is that though women have gained increased social power and prominence post feminism,  an ‘iron-maiden,’ has been created which she describes as an intrinsically unattainable standard of beauty that is then used to punish women physically and psychologically for their failure to achieve and conform to it. In the introduction, Wolf offers the following analyses: â€Å"During the past decade, women breached the power structure; meanwhile, eating disorders  rose exponentially and  cosmetic surgery  became the astest-growing specialty†¦ Pornography became the main media category, ahead of legitimate films and records combined, and thirty-three thousand American women told researchers that they would rather lose ten to fifteen pounds than achieve any other goal †¦ More women have more money and power and scope and legal recognition than we have ever had before; but in terms of  how we feel about ourselves  physically, we may actually be worse off than our unliberated grandmothers. †We see further evidence of this objectification of women through the Tui Brewery advertisements. They continue to portray women as a piece of meat, for example, in one of their TV advertisements they show men outwitting scantily clad women brewers in order to steal beer. Spokeswoman Leonie Morris told Newstalk that the overwhelming message was that the only value women had was as sexual objects. Speaking to the  Herald, she said: â€Å"They are also saying that women are stupid †¦ the men are real dorks, but they still manage to outwit the women. It also promotes a form of mate ship that dismisses women's concerns, and trivialises relationships with women. † In the source, Understanding the Differences Between Men and Women, written by Michael G. Conner, he explains that men and women are both equal and different. He states, â€Å"When I say equal, I mean that men and women have a right to equal opportunity and protection under the law. The fact that people in this country are assured these rights does not negate my observation that men and women are at least as different psychologically as they are physically. He explains the obvious differences in size, weight, shape, and anatomy of men and women, but also the less obvious differences. For example, â€Å"Women on the other hand have four times as many brain cells (neurons) connecting the right side and left side of their brain. This latter finding provides physical evidence that supports the observation that men rely easily and more heavily on the left side of their brain to solve on problem one-step at a time. Women have more efficient access to both sides of their brain and therefore greater use of the right side of their brain. In the article Gender Role s Change at Work and Home by Katherine Lewis, its explains the converging gender roles of men and women, with statistics like, â€Å"In 1992, a survey found 80 percent of men under 29 years old wanted jobs with more responsibility, versus 72 percent of young women. The desire for more responsibility decreased both genders in the 1997 survey, (to 61 percent for men and 54 percent for women) and then went up in 2002 to 66 percent for men and 56 percent for women. The article also stated, â€Å"†In comparing 1992 with 2008, two emerging trends are striking: among Millenials (under 29 years old), women are just as likely as men to want jobs with greater responsibility,† the report said. â€Å"Today, there is no difference between young women with and without children in their desire to move to jobs with more responsibility. † In my opinion, though there has been significant change in the treatment of women in contemporary western society, women are still not being g iven equal opportunities and freedom as the rest of society.I rest this stance on the way that the media is repeatedly portraying women. I believe that the struggles of women have not disappeared, but simply shifted to another area. After the first and second-wave feminism women now have practically no inequality in terms of social power and prominence, in fact more and more often, we are seeing women shown as dominant to men in higher positions than their male counterparts, for example Hilary Clinton. But women now have a new problem they are trying to overcome.Modern day media has taken advantage of women’s vulnerability and has created a ‘unattainable’ standard of beauty that women must forever strive to reach but will realistically be forever be in disappointment as shown in the Tui Brewery advertisements. Sadly, I do not think they will ever be able to shake off this portrayal and reach complete equality with men. My reasoning for this is that men and women are very different, both physically and mentally.Men are born physically stronger than women which leads them to be involved in more labour orientated work whereas women are more fragile meaning they tend to lean towards less labor orientated jobs. In terms of their mental and psychological differences, women are generally more emotional than men and also men tend to use the left side of there brain more while women use both equally making men a lot more hands on when there is a problem. I do not think women will ever be able to reach equality with men because they are biologically different.They can change the way they are treated but they will never be able to change the way they are portrayed. Genderism is the belief or attitude that one sex is inferior, less competent, or valuable than the other. At the start of this assessment I made a statement that the status of woman in western society has changed substantially since Shakespeare’s time. After all of the research I hav e done on the matter of Genderism in western society from the 1600’s up to present day I have decided that yes, the status of women in western society has changed substantially since Shakespeare’s time.Women no longer have to worry about struggling for recognition of their cultural roles and achievements. There are now women running the largest firms in the world, we even had a female Prime Minister! Though women’s rights have evolved significantly in the past four centuries in terms of social power and prominence, many new obstacles for women in our contemporary society have arose that I don’t think any amount of lobbying by women’s rights groups can solve.Society has created an unattainable standard of beauty that for majority of women, will leave them disheartened and depressed. I do not believe that women will be able to shake off the way they are being portrayed by society because it is unavoidable. I do believe my statement is correct in sayi ng that the status of women in western society has changed substantially since Shakespeare’s times. However, contemporary society does prove that they still have a very long way to go if they hope to succeed in reaching equality, if they ever will.Bibliography Conner MG (2010), Understanding the Difference Between Men and Women, http://www. oregoncounseling. org/ArticlesPapers/Documents/DifferencesMenWomen. htm Freiden B (1957), Feminine Mystique, W. W. Norton and Co. (1963), New York Freiden B (1966), Statement of Purpose, National Organization of Woman, Unknown Jones N (2012), Ban Tui Ads? Yeah, right, New Zealand Herald (2012), Auckland Lewis K (2011), Gender Roles Change at Work and Home, http://workingmoms. about. com/od/workingmomsresearch/a/GenderRoles. htmShakespeare W (c 1596), The Merchant of Venice, Oxford (1984), Oxford Unknown (1632), The Law’s Resolutions of Women’s Rights, http://www. wwnorton. com/college/english/nael/17century/topic_1/laws. htm Unknown (1964), Civil Rights Act Title VII, United States Congress, Washington Valenti J (2011), Rosie the Riveter leaves a strong legacy, The Guardian (2011), London Wojtczak H (c 1800), British Woman’s Emancipation since the Renaissance, http://www. historyofwomen. org/ Wolf N (1991), The Beauty Myth, William Morrow and Company (1991), London

Abeng and No Telephone to Heaven Essay Example

Abeng and No Telephone to Heaven Essay Example Abeng and No Telephone to Heaven Paper Abeng and No Telephone to Heaven Paper In Michelle Cliffs novels, Abeng and No Telephone to Heaven, she writes about a society where your place is defined by your skin color. Race and identity are questions raised in her novels. Clare, the main protagonist, comes from a family being fairly white, in particular, herself and her father, that enjoys a quite favorable status in Jamaica. Elaine K. Ginsbergs text, Passing and the Fictions of Identity widens the definition and representation of passing to one that describes different categories of identity and gives a description of the anxiety that it provokes. The text is very useful as it gives a lot of information about race and how it is understood. As a result, it helps us to get the ambiguity behind Clares figure who belongs to two worlds and the origins of the political reason behind the preservation of identity categories and the way they have been constructed in the United States. The purpose of Ginsbergs text is to give a broader meaning and illustration of the term passing. The text talks about the problematic of accessing the privileges and how passing defies the stiff frame of identity politics. Ginsberg questions how people interpret, understand and create meaning on the way, others behave, speak or on their physical appearance. The fact that passing challenges the connection between the physical appearance and identity, it then, consequently, questions the real meaning of race. Identity issues in American culture can thus be better understood. Ginsberg identifies passing as an action violating and overstepping the limits of not only the law but also ethnicity. One of the key ideas in the text about passing is that it is about identities, the limits set up between the various categories of them and the anxiety as the result of going beyond those limits (p2). The introduction gives an overview of the term passing, and what it means, and Ginsberg explains how passing challenges essentialism; being something

The Process of Environmental Scanning Essay Example

The Process of Environmental Scanning Essay Example The Process of Environmental Scanning Paper The Process of Environmental Scanning Paper Environmental scanning is a key activity that begins a companys strategy planning process. The scanning must include both external forces like economic, technological, political-legal, and coloratura as well as internal competencies such as value, rareness, immutability, and organization in order to be effective (Wheeled Hunger, 2010). This thorough analysis will provide a foundation for a company to build their plan upon. Environmental scanning provides a company their strengths to build upon, their weaknesses to mitigate, their opportunities to seize, and their threats to be careful of. Large companies like Microsoft and Amazon are still operating and successful today because they take the time and resources to conduct frequent environmental scans to keep their strategic plans relevant to the ever evolving competitive market. Internal and External Environments Environmental scanning shows that Microsoft Corporation would have typical internal environments such employee turnover and retention, employee morale, and standard financial planning. Specific to Microsoft would be hiring and retaining employees that will help keep Microsoft at the cutting edge of technology. Bill Gates (2014) vision statement states Our vision is to create innovative technology that is accessible to everyone and that adapts to each persons needs. Accessible technology eliminates barriers for people with disabilities and it enables individuals to take full advantage of their capabilities. This statement has a significant impact on internal environments and strategic planning. External Environments for Microsoft Corporation include technology advancement within the industry, competition such as Apple and Google, and in recent years the government and anti-trust lawsuits. Microsoft has invested and pursued a significant amount of vertical growth and has been criticized for creating a monopoly as well. Internal environments for Amazon are similar to those of Microsoft. Amazons mission statement is a very high reaching goal, to be Earths most customer-centric company, where customers can find and discover anything they might want to buy online, and endeavors to offer its customers the lowest possible prices, (Amazon, 2014). This is the main Internal Environment specific to Amazon as this drives many of the strategic planning as it relates to internal operations. External Environments for Amazon are customer satisfaction, new vendors, new products, and competition. Competition is probably the largest External Environment due to Amazons broad offering of products; this reaches into almost every industry worldwide and as Amazon increases its offerings it increases the competition as well. Competitive Advantages and Strategies Like many other companies that achieved success in the business world, Microsoft rose to the top of the software and computer business via the right strategy for ensuring a competitive advantage. The Microsoft Corporations competitive advantages include size and stability. The single most important strategy that the Microsoft Corporation went after that was pivotal for quick profits is research and development (RD), which helped the Microsoft Corporation to grow. Growth is a popular strategy because larger businesses tend to survive longer than smaller companies due to the greater availability of financial resources, organizational routines, and external ties (Wheeled Hunger, 201 0, Chapter 7). The strategies that the Microsoft Corporation now uses include a strong brand name, comprehensive product portfolio, inclusion, and global diversity as a strategy for success (Wheeled Hunger, Chapter 8, 2010). Amazons competitive advantages include investing and innovation. The strategies that Amazon uses include a marketing strategy that concerns sales, distributions, and pricing of goods. Johnson (2014), Amazon at its roots is built to transform. When it finds opportunities to serve new customers, or existing customers in new ways, it conceives and builds new business models to exploit them. Amazon has the unique ability to launch and run entirely new types of businesses while simultaneously extracting value from existing businesses (Para. 7). Amazon innovates, changing the companys business model to maintain a competitive advantage. Creating Value Amazon sustains competitive advantage by offering the convenience of shopping online and having products delivered right to the customers door. They also offer a wide range of products from multiple sellers that can offer lower prices. Amazon also specializes in fast shipping and customer satisfaction. Burrs (2003), In order to have a lasting competitive advantage, it is important to develop a competitive strategy that includes a wide spectrum of techniques to gain advantage. The internet allows customers to search for a product and where they can buy it at the lowest price. If it is levered within two business days, that is more appealing. This service will keep customers returning for future purchases. Amazon has something for everyone, from books to clothing, to housewives and grocery items. Someone who is busy and does not have time to shop can do so while at work or on the go without having to go to the store. According to Microsoft Customer and Partner Experience (2014), Microsoft strives to continually create innovative technology products that transform the way people work, learn, play, and communicate. Microsoft has been one of the leaders in the computer software industry. They offer a wide variety of products from software to tablets and cell phones. Their variety of products can be used for personal and business use. They sustain competitive strategy and create value by creating new products and services that can be used at school, work, or for play. Customers are always looking for the newest technology, the fastest computer, and the best prices. Microsoft continually competes with other companies in the technology industry by making their prices reasonable for the company but affordable for the customer. Measurement Guidelines The measurement guidelines that the Microsoft Corporation is using to refry its strategic effectiveness are balanced scorecards. The balanced scorecard is a proven performance measurement system. It is a complete long-term performance management system and methodology. It is a fact that defines, refines and shares strategy, for expressing strategy to operational terms, and for sizing the success of strategy implementation. The balanced scorecard initiative is very successful in the noticeable guidelines for the Microsoft Corporation. They meet the standards that represent the period of events in its organizations gradual development even though it is challenging and relating to the process of cultural change. Microsofts success is defined, with many facets approaches that support education, communication, scorecard development, and ongoing execution. (Bloomfield, c. , 2002) The measurement guidelines that the Amazon is using to verify its strategic effectiveness is its feasible and original business model that values its customers, and builds around the changing market. It is a plan of action and a thorough formula for profit, which turned around the respectable industry of books. Amazon continued to expand beyond just books and they now include all sorts of goods and services increasing from its central into near contiguity. Years later Amazon took hold of its empty space when it invented a new valued plan of action offering a charge service for brokers, buyers, and used books sellers. Once again it moved into its empty space by evolving a system to render assistance to distinct customers, and third-party sellers. Amazon has transformed its business from a store-front to precise types of service or goods to several different on-site departments as well as to outside beings which forms into a class of many sellers under one network, and it receives commissions sales from other companies. (Johnson, M. W. , 2014) Microsoft and Amazon are successful and profitable because of their ability to scan the environment, create value and sustain competitive advantages, and verify their strategies effectiveness through measurements. They incorporate all of these elements into their strategic planning process. They are able to exploit their strengths and keep pace with the changing technology market and stay one step ahead of the competition. New products and services are regularly developed and tested before brought to market. Environmental scanning is part of the reason these companies have flourished where others have failed.

Strategic Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Plan - Essay Example In line with the company’s vision which is to be continually recognized as the innovative manufacturer of highly engineered electronic sensors through innovative research and development that would revolutionize the electronic sensor industry through its more productive, highly accessible and affordable products consistent with standards of excellence and social responsibility, the Electronic Sensor Manufacturing Company, has identified the following internal capabilities, as well as opportunities and threats in the external environment, eight years from now: Company facilities were improved concurrent with advancement in technology in the areas of machine shop, surface mount, testing, and processing using state of the art engineering equipment and facilities. Abiding by ethical standards continue to pay off in terms of better financial performance with employees exhibiting higher performance and productivity due to an environment of trust, employees are therefore more loyal c ontributing to low turnover, and a preponderance for higher investor loyalty, among others. Reliance on long term debts to fund research and development, as well as state of the art equipment and facilities could prove to have potential drawbacks in terms of the financial turmoil in the global

A specific health care topic of interest to you --Nursing Essay

A specific health care topic of interest to you --Nursing - Essay Example According to Bracken, â€Å"every patient who faces this type of surgery struggles with fears and anxieties that are universal...† (n.d. cited in International Ostomy Association, 2006). Pre-operative and post-operative health teachings are routine interventions that help the patient prepare for, and manage surgical outcomes; however, studies supporting the common areas of stomal patient concern are scarce. This meta-analysis was done to identify the subject matter that needed further emphasis during patient teaching; as well as to identify the different factors that contributed to the low self-esteem experienced by these patients. Although pre-operative and post-operative education in managing the stoma are being employed by health care institutions, the subject matter and the patient concerns addressed during patient teaching should be assessed in order to provide individualized health teaching that can address patient uncertainty in managing the stoma; allay anxiety in rela tion to social issues; and prepare the patient for the changes associated with the surgery. Background and Introduction A stoma is an artificial opening made on the side of the abdomen that is used as a permanent, or temporary outlet for feces or urine (Clinimed, n.d.). There are three different types: colostomy--for solid fecal outlet; ileostomy--for soft fecal outlet; and urostomy--as outlet for urine (Clinimed, n.d.). Indications for stoma surgery include: congenital conditions such as malformations in the anus and urethra, and diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, diverticulear disease, and ulcers. Ostomy surgery is performed by taking a portion of the large, or small intestine through the abdominal wall to provide an outlet for feces and urine (Encyclopedia of Surgery, n.d.). A collection bag is worn over the stoma and requires routine irrigation to prevent infection and other complications. This procedure is performed to aid healing by diverting fecal ma tter from an injured or diseased part of the large intestine, for temporary stomas, and to construct an alternative excretory pathway for fecal matter and urine, for permanent stomas. The estimated of the number of patients with a stoma vary across the globe. In the US, approximately 800,000 patients with a stoma were reported in 2000; with growth rate of 3% each year (Turnbull, 2008). Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia were reported to have the highest number of ostomy surgeries annually in 2009; with colostomy accounting for 55%; ileostomy 31%; and urostomy 14% (Registered Nurse’s Association of Ontario, 2009). According to Renzulli and Candinas (2007), stoma formation and delayed closure is associated with high morbidity; and complications including: stomal necrosis, stomal retraction, stomal stenosis, mucocutaneous separation and stomal prolapse. In a study conducted by Makela and Niskasaari (2006), which explored stoma care related problems experienced by stoma surgery patients in Northern Finland, it was found out that 35 patients of the 163 respondents developed stoma complications, particularly parastomal herninas (18 cases). Apart from the problem of having to live with the life-long risks associated with a stoma, self-esteem issues may also surface. According to Honkala and Bertero (2009), the most common concerns of patients before and after an ostomy surgery were